If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Example of Term Paper

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Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea - 1878 Words

EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA Abstract The method used to separate the organic compound from a mixture of compound is the extraction. It is done by the dissolving of one or more compounds in a good solvent. The solvent which was used in this experiment was 15 ml of dichloromethane into 125ml of water. Caffeine was extracted from 9.19 g of TAZO Awake English Breakfast. Caffeine is soluble in water in 2.2 g/ml at 20 C; it is more soluble than dichloromethane which has 10.2g/ml at 20 C, and the method used for the extraction was the liquid-liquid extraction method, followed by evaporation. The objective of going through all these steps was to be able to obtain caffeine from tea and to see how pure or how the caffeine was not pure in comparing the standard values of Melt Point and RF values of the result of the experiment. Introduction It is well known that tea is one of the greatest frequently used caffeinated drinks in the world. The caffeine (C8H10N4O2) which was extracted from the tea was harsh and white. Caffeine is known as being a great stimulant which is mostly used by the majority of people, and caffeine has a power in people’s organism. It creates many different kinds of problems, such respiratory problems, heart rate problems, anxiety and insomnia problems. On the other hand, caffeine has some good effects for people, such as improving alertness, learning capacity and exercise performance (NCBI, 2013). Tea Also contains other components such asShow MoreRelatedExtraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves1151 Words   |  5 PagesExtraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Introduction Caffeine is soluble in boiling water and as a result it is easily extracted from tea bags by steeping in hot water. This process leaves behind the water insoluble portions of the tea bag. However, water extracts more than just caffeine, so a final separation is done with an organic solvent that will dissolve primarily caffeine. The organic solvent used in this experiment is Dichloromethane (CHâ‚‚Clâ‚‚). Dichloromethane is less polar than waterRead MoreUsing Solid Liquid Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea Leaves867 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this experiment was to use solid-liquid extraction to isolate a crude sample of caffeine from tea leaves and then subsequently purify the isolated sample via sublimation. The two solvents used in the extraction were water and dichloromethane. In addition to caffeine, tea leaves also contain other compounds that must be dealt with including cellulose, proteins/pigments, tannins, and saponins. Cellulose is not soluble in water as a result of its high molecular weight and thereby doesRead MoreEffectiveness Of An Extraction Process And Purification Process955 Words   |  4 Pageseffectiveness of an extraction process and purification process by sublimation is observed and used to selectively separate caffeine from teabags. In the first part of the experiment, water soluble materials, including caffeine, within the teabags are extracted into hot water because the solubility of caffeine in water increases as temperature increases. This is due to the concept that increasing kinetic energy through increasing temperature will allow the molecules in the solute to break apart from the intermolecularRead MoreEssay Separation of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide1243 Words   |  5 PagesReport 13 October 2011 Table of Contents Separation of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 3 Extraction and Purification of Caffeine from Tea 4 Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg 5 Conversion of t-butanol to t-butyl chloride 6 Appendix 7 Calculations 8 Literature and Experimental Values of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 9 Experimental Caffeine IR 10 Literature Caffeine IR 11 Experimental Trimyristin IR 12 Literature Trimyristin IR 13 Experimental Tert-Read MoreCaffeine Lab Report769 Words   |  4 Pagesthe experiment caffeine [C8H10N4O2], is based on a series of procedures. Firstly, it is important to examine the structure of caffeine which is an alkaloid. Typically alkaloids are nitrogen based and found in plants, caffeine itself is composed of a purine ring with functional groups of a amide, amine and alkene respectively. Furthermore, Caffeine includeds a lone pair on the nitrogen atom asserting several functional properties(Zhao et al. 206). Under examination of the caffeine structure severalRead MoreEssay Acid Base Extraction1511 Words   |  7 Pages Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold, first, we were to demonstrate the extraction of acids and bases, finally, determining what unknowns were present. Second, we were to extract caffeine from tea. These two assignment will be documented in two separate entities. Introduction: Acid/base extraction involves carrying out simple acid/base reactions in order to separate strong organic acids, weak organic acids neutral organic compounds and basic organic substancesRead MoreThe Role of Caffeine in Society Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine plays an enormous role in society today, from coffee to cokes to candy bars. Companies have made billions off the desire for that extra kick. Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world making it one of the world’s most popular drugs. It’s known for the ability to stimulate the brain and central nervous system. The Chemical structure of caffeine is C8H10N4O2. Before the popular use of caffeine one can assume that people were sleepier, and less alert. ConsumptionRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On Our Lives891 Words   |  4 PagesBiology 30 October 2017 Caffeine Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances in the world. The majority of people consume caffeine as part of their everyday lives. It helps us feel â€Å"alive† in the morning, by giving us the energy and focus that we need throughout the day. Caffeine has many benefits, some of which most people do not even know about. For a drug so commonly used, little attention is paid to the dangerous properties of caffeine products. Because caffeine is part of our everyday livesRead MoreIsolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag1788 Words   |  8 PagesExperiment 11b: Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag October 12,2012 Purpose: The objective of this experiment is to extract caffeine from tea bags using the method of extraction. After the caffeine is extracted it is then compared to the nutritional facts amount per serving on the tea bags box. Supplies: Glassware: 1. 50.0 m L graduated cylinder 2. 150.0 mL beaker 3. 2-glass stirring rod 4. 6-test tubes 5. 2-glass pipettes 6. 2-50.0 mL Erlenmeyer flasks 7. glass funnel Hardware: Read MoreUsing The Solid Liquid And Liquid Extraction Techniques For Extract A Strong Acid1613 Words   |  7 Pages Extraction Aleigha Spaulding Joseph Osazee 10-6-15 Abstract: This report presents the percentage recoveries found when using the solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques to extract a strong acid, weak acid, base, and neutral compound from a mixture. During the solid-liquid section of the experiment, 0.5 M NaHCO , 0.5 M NaOH, 0.5 M HCl, and distilled water are used to dissolve and separate the acid, phenol, and amine solutions from the mixture, leaving the neutral

Corporate Decision Making for Finance - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Decision Makingfor Finance and Accounting. Answer: Introduction The success of any organisation depends on the quality of decisions taken by its managers. In order to ensure that decisions taken in the company are appropriate and serves the purpose, it is necessary that the management has the necessary information and the basis on which such decisions can be developed. Whenever any problem arises, the foremost step for the management is to identify the alternatives that can be used to address the problems (Bri, 2007). There are various analysis and techniques that are available to the managers, which can help them in analysing such alternatives and take decisions based on different useful attributes. In this regard, the following report aims at defining the concept of sensitivity analysis, break-even analysis, and scenario analysis and simulation techniques. These techniques are used to understand the concept of corporate decision-making and the manner in which the corporate decision-making can affect the capital budgeting techniques in an organisation. Corporate Decision- Making and Capital Budgeting Techniques The term decision- making may be referred to as the selection process, which is concerned with identifying and selecting the best course of alternative available (Nutt and Wilson, 2010). In the corporate world, the managers are faced with a lot of challenges, which can be both internal and external to the organisation and which demand actions. The corporate decision-making is concerned with selecting those alternatives which are aimed at attaining the organisational goals. The selection of the best alternative is possible only when the managers carry out a detailed analysis of the different available alternatives with respect to its positive and negative aspects. Moreover, the decision taken by the management should lead to commitment, that is, the organisational activities are to be directed towards the fulfilment of the decision and eventually, the organisational objectives (Noorani, 2010). While analysing the alternatives, the managers make use of different techniques which analyses the alternatives on different attributes and provides the managers with a strong foundation for taking decisions. The most important decisions taken in the organisations are those which require an investment of huge capital and are likely to have a long-term impact on the working of the organisations (Al Haddidi, 2016). The capital-intensive decisions are crucial for any organisation as the capital available with the organisation is limited and requires a long-term commitment on the part of the organisation. The capital budgeting techniques allow the managers to analyse different projects in which it can invest. These techniques help in determining the future cash flows, taking into consideration the duration in which the initial investment of the company will be realised, at the same time taking into consideration the time value for the money (Ejoh, Okpa and Ibanga, 2016). The capital budgeting techniques can form the basis for different long-term investment decisions. It informs the managers about the profitability and attractiveness of different projects and facilitates an easier comparison among these projects so that the managers can identify more profitable opportunities and make investment decisions accordingly (Al Haddidi, 2016). Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis is one of the widely used techniques for getting additional insights in the business concerning investment decisions. It is used for determining the way in which the values of an independent variable is likely to impact the values of a dependent variable in a certain given assumption. It is also referred as what-if simulation technique where with certain given variables; the outcomes of the decision can be predicted. It helps the managers in identifying the outcomes in a situation where the estimates or the assumptions made turn out to be unreliable. It is a technique which facilitates the manager with an option to change the estimates and assumptions in a calculation to determine the impact that the changes have on the finances of a project (Koening, 2017). It allows a better analysis of an investment opportunity by preparing the managers for the situations where the actual outcome of the project is not the same as expected. In the context of capital budgeting techniques, this analysis is used for determining the influence that the change in assumptions can have on the net benefits of a project and measure the extent of such influences in the quantitative terms (Borgonovo, 2017). This testing of variations, specifically in the cost and benefit concern is measured on the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of a project. This analysis facilitates the managers to determine the extent to which the NPV of a project is responsive and sensitive to the variables which are used for calculating it. Application of sensitivity analysis would enable the managers in identifying the variables to which the NPV of a project is most responsive and the degree to which there can be changes in the variables before the NPV of the project runs negative (Zhamoida and Matsiuk, 2011). This implies that the managers would be in a better position to find out the reasons for the failure of a project. Using sensitivity analysis in capital budgeting can help the managers in different ways. Firstly, it can help in determining the significance of input variables in evaluating the economic worth of a project. Secondly, it helps in what-if analysis, that is, the analysis extends to a lot of probabilities and not just one situation or assumption (Borgonovo, 2017). Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis is another analytical tool used for determining the potential variability of the projects outcomes. Unlike the sensitivity analysis where only the values of a single variable can be changed, this method provides a broader base for the managers to make changes in multiple variables at the same time. The managers have the opportunity to construct different scenarios by making changes in the multiple variables at a single time (Lee and Lee, 2016). On the basis of different scenarios constructed, several NPVs for the same project are computed to determine the range of outcomes that the project can generate if the investment is made. Under this method, an expected outcome (NPV) is computed considering that all the assumptions and estimates made during the investment are true, which is referred as a base case scenario. Along with this scenario and outcome, two more outcomes or the NPVs are computed which are referred as best case scenario and worst case scenario. The NPVs are computed for both these scenarios and it provide the managers with a probable range within which the actual NPV of the project will fall (Baker and English, 2011). The best case scenario depicts that the sales volume, higher prices, lower costs, higher salvage value, bigger product life cycle and other favourable outcomes. Overall, the project is likely to enjoy the economies and proves to be very profitable for the company. However, on the other hand, the worst case scenario is lower than the base case scenario and indicates the situation where the assumptions made are unreliable. There would be a situation where the prices would be low, low sales volume, higher costs, low salvage value and shorter product lifecycles (Lee, 2016). Computing NPVs for these two scenarios help the managers in analysing the worst and the best situation which the company can experience depending on the accuracy of the assumptions and other market conditions. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the joint effect of the simultaneous changes made in different factors on the NPV of the project. Unlike the sensitivity analysis, this analytical method is inclusive of both the sensitivity of changes to the change in variables and likelihood of such changes. This method is appropriate in the case where the variables are of an interdependent size, as it helps in portraying as to how the project would seem in different scenarios when various variables are combined (Brzakovic, Brzakovic and Petrovic, 2016). Break-even Analysis Break-even analysis aims at analysing the investment opportunities on the basis of their profitability and volume relationship. It focuses on identifying the optimum level of volume that is required in order to ensure that the project is neither yielding losses nor any profits (Kuratko, 2016). This volume signifies the level which is the minimum volume, which is at least required so that the project does not go into any losses. The break-even volume is the level where the costs of the project equate with the benefits or the revenues generated by it. This method is useful not only for identifying the break-even point of the project; rather, it helps in understanding the nature of certain costs that are associated with the project, that is, the variable costs and fixed costs. It forces the managers to research, identify, quantify and classify different costs associated with the project into a variable and fixed cost groups. It enables the managers to evaluate the impact of changing sales volume, prices and costs on the revenues generated from the project (Ross et al., 2002). With the help of this analysis, the managers would be in a better position to identify the lowest amount of the business activities or the project activities which are necessary for preventing losses. Even though the analysis is a good foundation for the decisions taken in the capital budgeting, in certain situations, it fails to take into consideration certain important information. For example, the analysis is not a proven method for indicating the probability of having a specific result. Similarly, it also fails to depict the magnitude of how bad or good the results can be for a project (Cafferky, 2010). For taking decisions based on breakeven analysis, it is necessary that the calculations are to be thoroughly taken into consideration. Simulation Techniques The simulation techniques for analysing the investment options differ from other analytical methods on the ground that it has the ability to indicate the probabilities of the different expected outcomes. Unlike the other analytical methods, which only depicted the outcomes of a project, this method with the aid of computer software can help the managers in determining the probabilities of each outcome (Crum and Derkinderen, 2012). The manager can determine the probability of each NPV if the probability of each outcome is known and the way in which they are interrelated. This technique makes use of random numbers and predetermined probability solutions to evaluate the risky outcomes (Moyer, McGuigan and Rao, 2017). The managers can use mathematical models and combine different components of cash flows to determine the probability distribution of an expected return. Under this method, for each input variable, a statistical distribution is estimated after which simulators are run. This is done in order to find out the manner in which the constantly changing input variables affect the outcome of a project. An average of all the outcomes is taken to calculate the overall estimated outcome. On the basis of the distribution of returns derived, the managers become aware of both the estimated value of the return and the probability with which it will be achieved or surpassed. It serves as an optimum base for taking decisions in capital budgeting as it helps the managers in viewing different scenarios of risk-return trade-offs instead of a single point estimate, which is found in other analytical methods (Dayananda, 2002). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it can be concluded that decision-making is a selection process which requires selection of the best alternative after a thorough analysis. The quality of decision-making in an organisation is one of the key determinants of the success of an organisation. It is necessary for the managers to critically evaluate the decisions which require an investment of huge capital as those are likely to have a long-term impact on the working of the organisation. The managers while taking an investment or capital budgeting decision makes use of different analytical methods such as sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, simulation techniques, and break-even analysis. Each analytical method differs from other in the ground of their contribution in the overall decision-making. The sensitivity analysis allows the managers to determine the impact of an input variable on the outcome of a project whereas the scenario analysis helps the manager in determining the impact of changes in multiple input variables on the outcome of the project. Simulation technique, on the other hand, serves twin purpose where it not only determines the impact of input variable on the outcome but also determines the probability with which it will either surpass or achieve the expected outcome. However, the break-even analysis only depicts the minimum business activity that is to be performed for preventing losses in a case of undertaking a project. References Al Haddidi, E. 2016. Using Capital Budgets Techniques in Evaluating Investments Projects: Applied Study on Jordanian Industrial Corporations. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 7(24), pp. 64-70. Baker, H. K. and English, P. 2011. Capital Budgeting Valuation: Financial Analysis for Today's Investment Projects. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Borgonovo, E. 2017. Sensitivity Analysis: An Introduction for the Management Scientist. Berlin: Springer. Bri, M. 2007. Sensitivity Analysis as a Managerial Decision Making Tool. In Interdisciplinary Management Research, pp. 287-296. Brzakovic, T., Brzakovic, A. and Petrovic, J. 2016. Application of scenario analysis in the investment projects evaluation.Ekonomika Poljoprivrede63(2), pp. 501-513. Cafferky, M. 2010. Breakeven Analysis: The Definitive Guide to Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. New York: Business Expert Press. Crum, R.L. and Derkinderen, F.G.J. 2012. Capital Budgeting Under Conditions of Uncertainty. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Dayananda, D. 2002. Capital Budgeting: Financial Appraisal of Investment Projects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ejoh, N. O., Okpa, I.B. and Ibanga, U.J. 2016. An Examination of the Relationship between Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques and Firms Growth and Survival in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 18(1), pp. 45-52. Koening, E. 2017. Sensitivity Analysis for Capital Budgeting. [Online]. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/sensitivity-analysis-capital-budgeting-10153.html [Accessed on: 15 September 2017]. Kuratko, D.F. 2016. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. Boston: Cengage Learning. Lee, C. 2006. Encyclopedia of Finance. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Lee, J.C. and Lee, C.F. 2016. Financial Analysis, Planning amp; Forecasting: Theory and Application Third. London: World Scientific Publishing Company. Moyer, R.C., McGuigan, J.R. and Rao, R.P. 2017. Contemporary Financial Management. Boston: Cengage Learning. Noorani, H. 2010. Rational Decision Making. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation. Nutt, P.C. and Wilson, D.C. 2010. Handbook of Decision Making. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ross, S.A., Westerfield, R., Jaffe, J.F. and Roberts, G.S. 2002.Corporate finance. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Zhamoida, O.A. and Matsiuk, M.S. 2011. Sensitivity analysis in capital budgeting. Economic Herald of the Donbas 4(26), pp. 132-136.

Isaac Netwon Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society,

Isaac Netwon Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz are both accredited for the discovery of Calculus. Both of these men were born about the same and died around the same time. Both were known as supreme intellects of the 17th century. Gottfried Leibniz was born in 1646 in Leipzig. He went to school at the universities of Leipzig, Jena, and Altdorf. He was awarded his doctorate in law in 1666. He later went to Paris to devote time to the study of mathematics, science, and philosophy. In 1671 he was appointed librarian and privy councilor at the court of Hannover. His contemporaries considered Leibniz a universal genius. He also studied theology, law diplomacy, politics, history, and physics. In 1675 =, he founded the fundamental principles of infinitesimal calculus. The Leibniz's system was published in 1684. He also in 1672 invented a calculating machine capable of multiplying, dividing, and extracting square roots. Sir Isaac Netwon was born 1642 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, in England. Bibliography Everyday Use In Everyday Use by Alice Walker she represents her response to the concept of heritage by uses art to symbolize the meaning of tradition. She uses the metaphor of quilting to represent the creative legacy that African American has inherited from their maternal ancestors. Alice Walker uses the quilts to the make the point that art can only Science Essays

The Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The Conquest of the Aztec Empire From 1518-1521, Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and his army brought down the mighty Aztec Empire, the greatest the New World had ever seen. He did it through a combination of luck, courage, political savvy and advanced tactics and weapons. By bringing the Aztec Empire under the rule of Spain, he set events in motion which would result in the modern-day nation of Mexico. The Aztec Empire in 1519 In 1519, when the Spanish first made official contact with the Empire, the Aztecs ruled most of present-day Mexico either directly or indirectly. About one hundred years before, three powerful city-states in central Mexico - Tenochtitlan, Tlacopan and Tacuba - united to form the Triple Alliance, which soon rose to pre-eminence. All three cultures were located on the shores and islands of Lake Texcoco. Through alliances, wars, intimidation and trade, the Aztecs came to dominate most of the other Mesoamerican city-states by 1519 and collected tribute from them. The pre-eminent partner in the Triple Alliance was the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan. The Mexica were led by a Tlatoani, a position roughly similar to Emperor. In 1519, the tlatoani of the Mexica was Motecuzoma Xocoyotzà ­n, better known to history as Montezuma. The Arrival of Cortes Since 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, the Spanish had fairly thoroughly explored the Caribbean by 1518. They became aware of a large landmass to the west, and some expeditions had visited the shores of the Gulf Coast, but no lasting settlement had been made. In 1518, Governor Diego Velazquez of Cuba sponsored an expedition of exploration and settlement and entrusted it to Hernan Cortes. Cortes set sail with several ships and about 600 men, and after a visit to the Maya area of the southern Gulf Coast (it was here that he picked up his future interpreter/mistress Malinche), Cortes reached the area of present-day Veracruz in early 1519. Cortes landed, founded a small settlement and made mostly peaceful contact with leaders of local tribes. These tribes were bound to the Aztecs by ties of trade and tribute but resented their inland masters and tentatively agreed with Cortes to switch allegiances. Cortes Marches Inland The first emissaries from the Aztecs arrived, bearing gifts and seeking information about these interlopers. The rich gifts, meant to buy off the Spanish and make them go away, had the opposite effect: they wanted to see the riches of the Aztecs for themselves. The Spanish made their way inland, ignoring pleas and threats from Montezuma to go away.      When they reached the lands of the Tlaxcalans in August of 1519, Cortes decided to make contact with them. The warlike Tlaxcalans had been enemies of the Aztecs for generations and had held out against their warlike neighbors. After two weeks of fighting, the Spanish gained the respect of the Tlaxcalans and in September they were invited to talk. Soon, an alliance was forged between the Spanish and the Tlaxcalans. Time and again, the Tlaxcalan warriors and porters which accompanied Cortes expedition would prove their value. The Cholula Massacre In October, Cortes and his men and allies passed through the city of Cholula, home of the cult to the god Quetzalcoatl. Cholula was not exactly a vassal of the Aztecs, but the Triple Alliance had much influence there. After spending a couple of weeks there, Cortes learned of a plot to ambush the Spanish when they left the city. Cortes summoned the leaders of the city to one of the squares and after berating them for treason, he ordered a massacre. His men and Tlaxcalan allies fell on the unarmed nobles, slaughtering thousands. This sent a powerful message to the rest of Mesoamerica not to trifle with the Spanish. Entry into Tenochtitlan and capture of Montezuma In November of 1519, the Spanish entered Tenochtitlan, capital of the Mexica people and leader of the Aztec Triple Alliance. They were welcomed by Montezuma and put in a sumptuous palace. The deeply religious Montezuma had dithered and fretted about the arrival of these foreigners, and did not oppose them. Within a couple of weeks, Montezuma had allowed himself to be taken hostage, a semi-willing guest of the intruders. The Spanish demanded all sorts of loot and food and while Montezuma did nothing, the people and warriors of the city began to get restless.   The Night of Sorrows In May of 1520, Cortes was forced to take most of his men and return to the coast to face a new threat: a large Spanish force, led by veteran conquistador Panfilo de Narvaez, sent by Governor Velazquez to rein him in. Although Cortes defeated Narvaez and added most of his men to his own army, things got out of hand in Tenochtitlan in his absence. On May 20, Pedro de Alvarado, who had been left in charge, ordered the massacre of unarmed nobles attending a religious festival, The enraged inhabitants of the city besieged the Spanish and even Montezumas intervention could not alleviate the tension. Cortes returned in late June and decided that the city could not be held. On the night of June 30, the Spanish tried to stealthily leave the city, but they were discovered and attacked. On what came to be known to the Spanish as the Night of Sorrows, hundreds of Spanish were killed. Cortes and most of his most important lieutenants survived, however, and they made their way back to friendly Tlaxcala to rest and regroup.   The Siege of Tenochtitlan While in Tlaxcala, the Spanish received reinforcements and supplies, rested, and prepared to take the city of Tenochtitlan. Cortes ordered the construction of thirteen brigantines, large boats which could sail or be rowed and which would tip the balance while assaulting the island.   Most importantly for the Spanish, an epidemic of smallpox broke out in Mesoamerica, slaying millions, including countless warriors and leaders of Tenochtitlan. This unspeakable tragedy was a great lucky break for Cortes, as his European soldiers were largely unaffected by this disease. The disease even struck down Cuitlhuac, the warlike new leader of the Mexica. In early 1521, everything was ready. The brigantines were launched and Cortes and his men marched on Tenochtitlan. Every day, Cortes top lieutenants - Gonzalo de Sandoval, Pedro de Alvarado and Cristobal de Olid - and their men assaulted the causeways leading into the city while Cortes, leading the small navy of brigantines, bombarded the city, ferried men, supplies and information around the lake, and scattered groups of Aztec war canoes. The relentless pressure proved effective, and the city was slowly worn down. Cortes sent enough of his men on raiding parties around the city to keep other city-states from coming to the relief of the Aztecs, and on August 13, 1521, when Emperor Cuauhtemoc was captured, resistance ended and the Spanish were able to take the smoldering city. Aftermath of the Conquest of the Aztec Empire Within two years, the Spanish invaders had taken down the most powerful city-state in Mesoamerica, and the implications were not lost on the remaining city-states in the region. There was sporadic fighting for decades to come, but in effect the conquest was a done deal. Cortes earned a title and vast lands, and stole most of the riches from his men by short-changing them when payments were made. Most of the conquistadors did receive large tracts of land, however. These were called encomiendas. In theory, the owner of an encomienda protected and educated the natives living there, but in reality it was a thinly-veiled form of slavery. The cultures and people meshed, sometimes violently, sometimes peacefully, and by 1810 Mexico was enough of its own nation and culture that it broke with Spain and became independent. Sources: Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Print. Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. New York: Bantam, 2008. Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes and the Fall of Old Mexico. New York: Touchstone, 1993.

Key Facts About Canadas Provinces and Territories

Key Facts About Canadas Provinces and Territories The fourth-largest country by land area, Canada is a vast nation with much to offer in terms of culture and natural wonders. Thanks to heavy immigration and a strong Aboriginal presence, it is also one of the worlds most multicultural nations. Canada consists of 10 provinces and three territories, each boasting unique attractions. Alberta   Alberta is a western province sandwiched in between British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The provinces strong economy relies mainly on the oil industry, given Albertas abundance of natural resources. The province features many different kinds of natural landscapes, including forests, a portion of the Canadian Rockies, flat prairies, glaciers, canyons, and wide tracts of farmland. Alberta is home to a variety of national parks where you can spot wildlife as well. Its largest cities are Calgary and Edmonton. British Columbia British Columbia, colloquially referred to as BC, is Canadas westernmost province, bordering the Pacific Ocean. Many mountain ranges run through British Columbia, including the Rockies, Selkirks, and Purcells. The capital of British Columbia is Victoria. The province is also home to Vancouver,  a world-class city known for many attractions including the 2010 Winter Olympics. Unlike indigenous groups in the rest of Canada, the First Nations of British Columbia have for the most part never signed official territorial treaties with Canada.  Thus, the official ownership of much of the provinces land is disputed. Manitoba Manitoba is located in the center of Canada. The province borders Ontario to the east, Saskatchewan to the west, Northwest Territories to the north, and North Dakota to the south. Manitobas economy relies heavily on natural resources and farming. McCain Foods and Simplot plants are located in Manitoba, which is where fast-food giants such as McDonalds and Wendys source their french fries. New Brunswick   New Brunswick is Canadas only constitutionally bilingual province. It is located above Maine, to the east of Quebec, and along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. A beautiful province, New Brunswick has a prominent tourism industry built around the areas main scenic drives: Acadian Coastal Route, Appalachian Range Route, Fundy Coastal Drive, Miramichi River Route, and River Valley Drive. Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador make up Canadas most northeastern province. Its economic mainstays are energy, tourism, and mining. Mines include iron ore, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, and gold. Fishing also plays a big role in Newfoundland and Labradors economy. When the Newfoundland Grand Banks cod fishery collapsed in 1992, it heavily impacted the province and lead to an economic depression. In recent years, Newfoundland and Labrador have seen unemployment rates and economic levels stabilized and grow. Northwest Territories   Often referred to as NWT, the Northwest Territories are bordered by the Nunavut and Yukon territories, as well as British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. As one of Canadas northernmost provinces, it features a portion of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In terms of natural beauty, Arctic tundra and boreal forest dominate this province. Nova Scotia Geographically, Nova Scotia is composed of a  peninsula and  an island called Cape Breton Island. Almost totally surrounded by water, the province  is bordered by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Northumberland Strait, and the Atlantic Ocean. Nova Scotia is famous for its high tides and seafood, especially lobster and fish. It is also known for the unusually high rate of shipwrecks on Sable Island. Nunavut   Nunavut is Canadas largest and northernmost territory as it makes up 20 percent of the countrys landmass and 67 percent of its coastline. Despite its tremendous size, though, it is the second least populous province in Canada. Most of its land area consists of the snow-and-ice-covered Canadian Arctic Archipelago, which is uninhabitable. There are no highways in Nunavut. Instead, transit is done by air and sometimes snowmobiles. Inuit make up a heavy portion of Nunavuts population. Ontario Ontario is the second-largest province in Canada. It is also Canadas most populous province as it is home to the nations capital, Ottawa, and the world-class city of Toronto. In the minds of many Canadians, Ontario is separated into two regions: north and south. Northern Ontario is mostly uninhabited. It is rich in natural resources which explains why its economy heavily depends on forestry and mining. Southern Ontario, on the other hand, is industrialized, urbanized, and serves Canadian and U.S. markets. Prince Edward Island The smallest province in Canada, Prince Edward Island (also known as PEI) is famous for its red soil, potato industry, and beaches. PEI beaches are known for their singing sands. Because they are made of quartz sand, the beaches sing or otherwise make sounds when wind passes over them. For many literature lovers, PEI is also famous as the setting for L.M. Montgomerys novel Anne of Green Gables. The book was an instant hit back in 1908 and sold 19,000 copies in the first five months. Since then, Anne of Green Gables has been adapted for the stage and screen. Quebec Quebec is the second-most populous province in Canada after Ontario. It  is primarily a French-speaking society and the Quebecois are very proud of their language and culture. In protecting and promoting their distinct culture, Quebec independence debates are an important part of local politics. Referendums on sovereignty were held in 1980 and 1995, but both were voted down. In 2006, the House of Commons of Canada recognized Quebec as a nation within a united Canada. The provinces most well-known cities include Quebec City and Montreal. Saskatchewan Saskatchewan boasts many prairies, boreal forests, and about 100,000 lakes. Like all Canadian provinces and territories, Saskatchewan is home to Aboriginal peoples.  In 1992, the Canadian government signed a historic land claim agreement on both federal and provincial levels that gave the First Nations of Saskatchewan compensation and permission to buy land on the open market. Yukon Canadas westernmost territory, Yukon  has the smallest population of any province or territory. Historically,  Yukons major industry was  mining,  and it once experienced a large population influx thanks to the Gold Rush. This exciting  period in Canadian history was written about by authors like Jack London. This history plus Yukons natural beauty makes  tourism an important part of Yukons economy.

Development of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Development of International Business - Essay Example Also known as the Global Value Chain (GVC), it is a sophisticated model that shows how a firm retrieves raw materials, imbibes value to them through different processes and techniques and sell the final goods to consumers. There is slight distinction between GCC and GVC. GCC focuses on effective role of powerful retailers and branded merchandisers and GVC provides approaches to expand firm level research on the dynamics and strategies of global industries. Dicken (2015) observed that the Global Production Network (GPN) associates concentrated diffusion of the value chains beyond firms and nations with the process of accumulation of stratified layers of participants of the network. It is also known as Value Network, Input- Output Matrix. It is basically a collection of two or more value chains in which at least one network linkage is shared. According to Ernest and Kim (2001), the chief firm or flagships can be of two types; the first type of flagships constitutes the part of brand leaders that permits suppliers to be self-reliant but demand powerful performance from them. The second type consists of contract manufacturers which built their own production channels and create unified supply chain which are accessible to brand leaders. A GPN lead by firms can participate in different value chains. Hence, a global value chain can have two or more production networks. Solectron, a renowned international electronics manufacturing company, i s an example of GPN (Fleischmann and Koberstein, 2014). There is a wide difference in the terms of the two concepts. ‘Chain’ identifies the vertical arrangement of acts that leads to maintenance, delivery and consumption of a distinct goods or services. ‘Network’, on the other hand, designs both the horizontal and vertical linkages between economics factors, i.e., identifying the common economics factors in the value chains which are effective. Gereffi and Korzeniewicz (1994)

Language Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Language Analysis - Assignment Example ress with a more non-restrictive approach to teaching spoken English, allowing students especially in non-native classes to learn the language with greater ease and more chances of making meaning. Applying the idea of SFL, this paper analyses two activities for English language teaching in the intermediate level. The activities were taken from Billbrough’s (2007; pp.54, 157) book titled, Dialogue Activities. The two activities are recommended for pre-intermediate and higher levels. According to Billbrough, dialogues are ideal to promote the speaking skills of the students. Based on this recommendation to incorporate authentic dialogues, it can be assumed that the book adheres to Halliday’s SFL principles. Analyses of the activities in the book could give light to the issue. From the time of its formal introduction up to now, SFL has received impressive attention from grammarians. Thus, scholars and researchers have made further enquiry and elucidations to expound on the ideas of Halliday. In order to achieve focus, this paper analyses the activities based on some main principles that Halliday (Halliday & Webster, 2003) introduced as follows: The first activity is called The Words I’d like to Own. In this activity, the aim is for students to learn new vocabulary words/phrases/terms/statement from a transcript and make the language part of their active vocabulary. The students will read a transcript and pick from it some words or phrases that they like to imitate and form part of their own vocabulary. After choosing, they will discuss with their group and decide on two phrases or words to use in a dialogue. The group will present the dialogue to the class and the audience will identify the target language/term/phrase/statement the group incorporated into their speech. The suggested dialogue activity is a good attempt to adopt the SFL Model. The beginning of the activity illustrates the main principle of SFL to teach students of the difference between spoken

Chemicals in Food Essay Example for Free

Chemicals in Food Essay Those hard-to-pronounce chemicals that are in the list of ingredients on the label are used for more than just flavoring, appearance, and preserving the food (Food Additives). Those additives are used in some other very harsh items such as bug repellent (Food Additives). However, there are some simple and sustainable options that can help consumers avoid running into harsh chemicals and additives that may be lurking in their food. These changes will not only help them make healthier and safer choices, but also help them to save some money in the long run. Many unanswered questions will be addressed within this paper such as: What are the hormones in some of the foods such as dairy and meat and what exactly are they used for? How do they affect us? What can consumers do to avoid purchasing these items? How can one avoid unsafe drinking water and are additives really that bad? According to Credit Loan, Americans consume on average 110 pounds of red meat a year, 600. 5 pounds of dairy products (not including cheese), and 31. 4 pounds of cheese a year (Food Consumption in America). The common theme here is that all of these food groups come from cows. It is not, however, that we are eating cattle and beef, but what that cattle is being fed into its body. â€Å"In 2005, 32. 5 million cattle were slaughtered to provide beef for U. S. consumers. Scientists believe about two-thirds of American cattle raised in for slaughter today are injected with hormones to make them grow faster (Sustainable Table). † This does not include hormones used for the increased production of dairy/milk. With just beef alone, there are six natural and artificial hormones that are injected into cattle and they include: Oestradiol, Progesterone and Testosterone (these are natural occurring hormones). Then there are Zeranol, Trenbolone and Melengestrol (these are artificial hormones) (Sustainable Table). Although there has not been any significant case studies done on these hormones, scientists believe that these hormones pose some threats to human health. â€Å"The Committee [European Union’s Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures Relating to Public Health] also question whether hormones residues in the meat of ‘growth enhanced’ animals can disrupt human hormone balance, causing developmental problems, interfering with the reproductive system, and even leading to the development of breast, prostate or colon cancer (Sustainable Table). Scientists also believe that those at the greatest risk are children, women who are pregnant and unborn babies (Sustainable Table). â€Å"Hormone residues in beef have been implicated in the early onset of puberty of girls, which could put them at greater risk of developing breast and other forms of cancer† (Sustainable Table). However, health risk of humans is not the only factor. Aquatic ecosystems are being greatly affected by hormone residue in the manure of cows by contaminating run-off and groundwater. Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to hormones has a substantial effect on the gender and reproductive capacity of fish, throwing off the natural life cycle† (Sustainable Table). The United States and Canada, however, continue to allow the growth hormones to be injected. The European Union does not, and they strictly prohibit trade with the U. S. and Canada on hormone-treated beef. Injecting growth hormones into cattle is not the only kind of hormone they are being given either. RBGH is a hormone that gets injected into cattle for an increase production of milk. Developed and Manufactured by Monsanto Corporation, this genetically engineered hormone forces cows to artificially increase milk production by 10 to 15 percent† (Sustainable Table). The natural hormone for growth and lactation is Bovine Somatotropin. When it is man-made it is known as rBST or better known as rBGH. â€Å"Approximately 17% of all cows in the US are given the artificial growth hormone† (Sustainable Table). FDA approved the drug in 1993. However, â€Å"According to opponents of the drug, effects of rBGH were never properly studied,† (Sustainable Table). RBGH poses many health risks to the cows and what is effecting the cows, could quite possibly effect us. â€Å"Problems included an alarming rise in the number of deformed claves and dramatic increases in mastitis, a painful bacterial infection of the udder which causes inflammation, swelling, and pus and blood secretions into milk† (Sustainable Table). IGF-1 (Insulin Growth Factor-1) is a naturally occurring hormone in human bodies. It is also is in rBGH. â€Å"Humans also naturally have IGF-1, and increased levels in humans have been linked to colon and breast cancer† (Sustainable Table). America consumes about 31. 4 pounds of cheese every year, along with 600. 5 pounds of other dairy products (Food Consumption in America). â€Å"In 2006, the United States dairy industry produced over 20 billion gallons of milk. This milk is pasteurized and sold, or transformed into cheese, butter, cream, and ice cream for consumers in the U. S. and around the world† (Sustainable Table). However, it was never this simple. Back in the 1700’s milk was not a familiar drink and was not studied enough. The conditions under which the milk and the cows were kept were not clean. There was no form of refrigeration and insects could easily be accessible to milk that was left out (Sustainable Table). It was not until the end of the 19th century when pasteurization was invented (Sustainable Table). Pasteurization means â€Å"to expose (a food, as milk, cheese, yogurt, beer, or wine) to an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to destroy certain microorganisms, as those that can produce disease or cause spoilage or undesirable fermentation of food, without radically altering taste or quality† (Dictionary). However, this may not be enough. Farmers are continuing to use the rBGH, antibiotics, and high-concentrated feed for the increase production of milk (Sustainable Table). In a way, it is benefitting the consumer. By injecting these artificial hormones, the cows are producing almost four times as much milk as they previously were, in turn, is cutting down the cost of milk and other dairy products (Sustainable Table). â€Å"The biggest fear surrounding this breeding technique is the eventual inability to ward off viruses or mutation in the dairy cow’s DNA chain, resulting in rapid spread of disease and possible death† (Sustainable Table). Because of the growing concern of all the use of artificial hormone, slowly, more dairies are turning to organic. â€Å"While organic milk makes up only 1% of the dairy market, demand has increased 477% between 1997 and 2003† (Sustainable Table). Hopefully, the trend continues to increase so the food becomes less processed and more natural at healthy level. For the most part, Americans include water in their daily diet somehow during the day. Whether it is rinsing their mouths out from brushing their teeth, drinking water, or using it to swallow down a pill, water is a part of most people’s life style. However, it is not as clean as most people would think. A team of researchers out of Washington State has found traces of illicit drugs, hormones, and cooking spices in drinking water. The team found that certain spices â€Å"spike during the holidays. â€Å"For instance, thyme and sage spike during Thanksgiving, cinnamon surges all winter, chocolate and vanilla show up during the weekends (presumably from party-related goodies), and waffle cone and caramel-corn remnants skyrocket around the Fourth of July† (Cocaine, Spices, Hormones Found in Drinking Water). But as stated earlier, harmless Cooking spices are not the only traces of remnants in drinking water being found/. â€Å"Around the world, scientists are finding trace amounts of substances-from sugar and spice to heroin, rocket fuel, and birth control-that might be having unintended consequences for humans and wildlife alike† (Drinking Water). One may be wondering how drugs get into the drinking water system. â€Å"After a person has taken drugs such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and ecstasy, active byproducts of these substances are released into the sewage stream through that person’s urine and feces. These byproducts, or metabolites, are often not completely removed during the sewage –treatment process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Drinking Water). This not only may post a threat to human health, but it poses a threat to the marine life as well. â€Å"Though these drugs traces are still tiny, it’s possible that the potent residues could be toxic to freshwater animals† (Drinking Water). There are still strict regulations from the EPA on the contaminates in drinking water that must be followed. The EPA claims that more than 90 contaminants must be filtered out of drinking water systems (Drinking Water). Richard Keil said something that everyone can take into consideration. He stated; â€Å"’that everything you do is connected to the watershed† (Drinking Water). It is a simply message with a very strong meaning; No matter what one person eats, takes, or drinks, it is somehow later going to affect something or somebody and without any control. Almost half of an American’s diet includes fruits and vegetables. About 273. 2 pounds of fruit and 415. 4 pounds of vegetables are eaten (Food Consumption in America). However, these suppose to be healthy foods could be potentially dangerous to our health. Pesticides are used on almost every major crop. â€Å"Pesticides are chemicals used to eliminate or control a variety of agricultural pests that can damage crops and livestock and reduce farm productivity. The most common pesticides are insecticides (to kill insects), herbicides (to kill weeds), rodenticides (to kill rodents), and fungicides (to control fungi, mold, and mildew)† (Sustainable Table). Pesticides are not a new invention at all. They date back all the way to the ancient Sumerians’ time. The makeup of pesticides ranged anywhere from elemental sulfur, to chemicals such as arsenic and lead (Sustainable Table). It was not until the 19th century that the use of pesticides became more geared to natural techniques such as â€Å"roots of topical vegetables and chrysanthemums† (Sustainable Table). DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) was discovered in 1939 and was extremely successful, however a huge concern came into effect with its health impact on humans (Sustainable Table). Not only are the pesticides being sprayed on the fruits and vegetables that are eaten, but it also be sprayed on grains as well. This may not seem like that big of deal on a global scale, but when one looks at the cycle of how it effects humans, it is quite concerning. Grains are in all breads, no matter if it is super bleached or straight off of the wheat barley. Therefore, it is a direct source. However, the grains are being fed to livestock as well. In fact, 66% of the grain grown in the U. S. is used for livestock feed (Sustainable Table). â€Å"This grain is grown by intensive farming operations that use massive quantities of pesticides while producing problems such as pesticide resistance in insects and weeds, and pollution of nearby water supplies with toxic chemicals† (Sustainable Table). It is not as common to use manure as a type of soil, but it is definitely not out of the question. The tainted manure could be used to grow the fruits and vegetable crops, that will then again be sprayed with more pesticides, which after awhile, the dead material and soil will run off as ground water, or to a straight water supplies and pollute the water (Sustainable Table). As stated earlier, this will not only affect marine life, but human drinking water. When and if this water goes through sewage treatment plants, not all of the pesticide chemicals will be removed. So not only will humans be ingesting chemicals from the fruits and vegetables, but possibly their drink and meat as well! Pesticides are a public health concern and have been linked to a range of diseases and disorders. Many chemical pesticides are known to cause poisoning, infertility and birth defects, as well as damage to the nervous system and potentially cause cancer† (Sustainable Table). The most susceptible to these conditions are small children. â€Å"According to data collected by the Centers for Dise ase Control and Prevention, the average American child between ages six and eleven carriers four times the acceptable level of pesticides called organophosphates (which are known to cause nerve damage)† (Sustainable Table). The CDC also conducted a blood and urine test in 2004 and that in 100% of the subjects pesticide residues were found. â€Å"Two insecticides- chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion- were found at levels up to 4. 6 times greater than what the U. S. government deems acceptable† (Sustainable Table). Somebody has to take the blame for these absurd high numbers, the question is who to blame. Pesticide use goes through a rigorous test before any products that came in contact with pesticides are even put out on the shelves. Pesticides are tested and approved for use by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which establishes â€Å"tolerances,† or maximum residue levels, that limit the amount of a given pesticide that can safely remain in or on a food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is then responsible for monitoring pesticide levels on fruits and vegetables, while the Department of Agriculture (USDA) is charged with the task of surveying pesticide residues in meat, eggs , and dairy products† (Sustainable Table).

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums Essay

The Unfulfilled Elisa in John Steinbeck's The Chrysanthemums â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story in The Long Valley, a collection of short stories by John Steinbeck. This story dramatizes the efforts made by a housewife, Elisa Allen, to compensate for the disappointments which she has encountered in her life. Steinbeck makes it clear that Elisa yearns for something more in her life then the everyday routines of farm life. While Elisa is portrayed as strong, in the end, her strength serves to be insufficient in having the courage to effect any real change in her life since her fragile self-esteem proves to be too susceptible to outside forces. From the beginning of the short story, Steinbeck emphasizes that Elisa is a strong, competent woman who finds her considerable energy channeled into things, such as her garden, which never give her the sort of recognition or satisfaction that she craves. For a brief moment, she senses that she is capable of much more and feels her own strength only to, once again, have a man bring down her efforts, and her self-esteem. The story opens with Elisa working in her garden. Steinbeck makes a point of telling the reader that she is thirty-five. Her age at once implies a woman almost at her middle-age who may be reexamining the dreams of her youth as she contemplates the second half of her life. Steinbeck emphasizes Elisa’s strength as he writes, â€Å"Her face was eager and mature and handsome† (Steinbeck 279). Her husband, Henry, comes back to the house having just completed the sell of some cattle. He is complimentary towards her gardening and comments on her talent. He sugg ests that she put her talent to work in the orchard growing apples, and Elisa considers his offhand comment seriously,... ...’s nature which yearns for expression. For a moment, she feels she touched on such a shared intimacy with the tinker and it is easy to see why she could have been so easily mistaken because the tinker does imply that he also has that sort of aesthetic sensibility when he describes the chrysanthemums which will bloom later in the summer, â€Å"Kind of a long-stemmed flower? Looks like a quick puff of colored smoke?† (282). When the tinker casts her plants aside, it is almost as if he cast aside Elisa’s dreams as well. It’s not just this brief episode that makes Elisa’s cry, but what is really upsetting her is the thought of a future where she feels unfulfilled and unchallenged. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. "The Chrysanthemums." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 239-47.

How The Adoration Of Jenna Fox Essay

The Adoration Of Jenna Fox relates to real life because of meeting new people, feelings and also as the Kirkus Reviews said – â€Å"Outstanding examination of identity, science and ethics. Reason reveal the truth layer by layer, maintain taut suspense and psychological realism as she probes philosophical notions of personhood.† Protective parents, Jenna had very protective ones but for a reason, In the book Jenna almost dies and get cloned with â€Å"bio gel† to make a new body that she can live in with the same memories and feelings. Claire is very protective of Jenna because she doesn’t want anyone figuring out of knowing that she is not a human but a clone. Claire does not want anyone to know Jenna of make contact with her, but Jenna is a very curious young woman and is eager to start a new life with new people â€Å"I should be afraid. Mother would want me to be afraid. But other than Mother, Father and Lily, Mr bender is the only human being I have seen since I woke up. I want to speak to someone who doesn’t know me.† (pg. 17) Being curious. Jenna Fox is a very curious and questioning person, she is always thinking new things and as has so much to learn and even though some of it is really bad she is still very eager to find out about her past and figure out her future. When she tells a very close person to her what she is and she is scared and frightened to see what their reaction is. â€Å" He stares at me. His face is stiff. Frightening. I feel weak. What have I done? I should’ve kept quiet. Listened to mother. To Lily. I want to take back every word, but it is too late.† (Pg.156) Finding herself, Jenna’s brain is really her own, with the rest uploaded onto her brain. When Jenna finds out about the accident, she realises why remaking her identity so difficult. She doesn’t know who she is, and she is trying to uncover her past. We see that Jenna’s parents maybe did not make the best decision, as Jenna struggles to remake her identity, going through lots of ups and downs throughout the book. Using the available technology,  Matthew and Claire re-created their perfect daughter. But, as Jenna finds remaking her identity difficult, this maybe says that her parents might have been too early and not thought out in their decision to save her. They made the right choice, but Jenna is not without her problems. In conclusion, The Adoration Of Jenna Fox relates to the real world in many ways apart from being made more than half out of â€Å"bio gel† But she experiences many simular things to modern day teenagers. Such as having parents that really care about her, learning new things at different paces and finding herself throughout life.

Women Empowerment

Empowerment has multiple, interrelated and interdependent dimensions- economic, social, cultural and political. It can be understood in relation to resources, perceptions, Relationship and power. But what does women empowerment mean? Women empowerment generally has five components : firstly, women's sense of self worth; secondly, their right to have the power of control their own lives, both within and outside home; and lastly, their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a just social and economic order nationally, internationally and universally. Educational attainment and economic participation are the key constituents in ensuring the empowerment of women. Other than educational and economic empowerment, changes in women's mobility and social interaction and changes in intra-household decision-making are necessary. We should not forget that history in a witness to the women who have in the past demonstrated unique leadership capabilities. Razia Sultana, Rani of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu and Indira Gandhi are motivation examples of women empowerment. I would like to peep into the past when the stature of women as destroyed. They were in this way; they deprived women of their due place. Most men view themselves as being the superior life-form in society. They justify this belief by saying that they are stronger and more capable; thus, making those more qualified for the more important roles in society. Treated as chattel in the early Roman society. In France, they were termed as half-soul creatures responsible for the destruction of society. The Chinese considered them as devil's soul. Japanese men preferred to live unmarried lives But the truth is that women have advanced in all the areas. In India, the empowerment process has already begun. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrollment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defense, administration, media and research fields. But a lot of work has to be done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they don't have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even operate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or handle hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, it's a myth for them . If women choose to be ignorant then all the efforts taken by the Government and women activists will go in vain. Even in twenty-fifth century, they will remain backward and will be paying a heavy price for their dependence, so, it is a wake-up call for women to awake from their deep slumber and understand the true meaning of their empowerment. In the end I would like to conclude with the following words, â€Å"Women as the motherhood of the nation should be strong, aware and alert†. Thank you The end Women empowerment Blob Writing Firstly, women can start a personal blob. It should cover a topic which Is directly related to their skills set. Once they acquire a decent number of readers and followers, they could begin to offer them their services related to their skills and charge a fee for It. Another option In blobbing as one of the top 10 home based businesses involves writing for another individual or company and earning a service fee in return. 2. Providing Professional Advice Women can offer paid advice related to their profession.This is one of the top 10 home based businesses because they do not need to worry about setting up their own online platform for this service. There are many websites which offer professional advice to Its customers by appointing a team of experts from various lines of work. They often have predetermined rates and commissions for their registered experts while others also keep them negotiable. 3. Book Publishing Publishing may sound Like the most Investment-demandin g option out of the other top 10 home based businesses.This does not hold true for online book publishing or content marketing. Some websites offer free registration to use their online publishing services while others charge a nominal amount. In the end, women can enjoy writing books on their favorite topics and set the prices themselves. Online book publishing is part of the top 10 home based businesses because it enables women to publish books only in the demanded quantity. 4. Designing Shoes Many fashion-savvy females have a creative sense which is often specific to items like hoes.The Ideas may come to them naturally but they may be unable to take up shoe-designing as a full-fledged career option. However, women should utilize different software to develop unique designs and sell them to small-sized shoe businesses along with the ownership right to the designs. It would be a mutually beneficial relationship. 5. Conducting Online Research More and more companies are relying on t he internet as an effective tool for conducting marketing research. Some of the benefits they find in this option Include access to geographically dispersed respondents, less time required, etc.This has given birth to the need for employing individuals to conduct the research. Women with an inquisitive nature often prefer this choice out of the different top 10 home based businesses. 6. Image Consultancy This line of work Involves assisting people who wish to achieve their goal of Improving their overall Image. This Is known to be a women-centric choice among the top 10 home based businesses. This field pertains to providing consultancy In different areas, such as grooming, styling, dressing, etc. Audio Typing investment of a computer and internet connection. In most cases, these facilities are already present which makes it a zero-investment alternative. Women can offer the services as a typist to reproduce provided audio files into a written format. Although typing speed would be a helpful skill, beginners could always commit to a deadline according to their skills and improve with time. 8. Affiliate Marketing For Affiliate Marketing as one of the top 10 home based businesses, women need to have their own website.It would allow them to associate with other businesses to pay them a commission when visitors to their websites are linked to purchase the company's products. 9. Online Teaching Teaching makes it to the list of top 10 home based businesses because the internet has made it possible to use it as a way to make money online at home. Women can provide interactive sessions to students for their daily homework while offer topic- wise teaching through video tutorials. 10. Writing Guides Writing guides are one of the top 10 home based businesses suitable for women cause they often have a wide knowledge base on different topics. Women empowerment â€Å"Why I Believe in Women Empowerment† Ages ago, women only had limited opportunities in life. Usual connotation of a woman is the one who does household chores. But nowadays, it may mean offensive to women because their abilities and capabilities to do other things are under estimated. The current generation of women is considered empowered. When we say empower, this means that there is an authority given to somebody, thus, that authority will make the person more confident and assertive. I believe in women empowerment because I think as a woman, I should be treated equally with man.Also, being a scholar with wisdom, I speak the truth without doubt or hesitation giving me a sense of empowerment. Because of this, I have greater choices and chances to explore, learn and expose myself in all walks of life which will be beneficial not only to me but also to others. I want to portray an ideal member of the society. Because of having respect and self confidence, I can do things possible and excel with my outmost dedication to work. Women can perform task that a man can do but outshining them is not our goal instead, living harmoniously with them is our desire.Also, women empowerment is not destruction to man's self-esteem and ego. We work not to prove that we can do better than a man but to complement what a man can do. Being one of the empowered women, I clearly understood my worth. That's why I was able to look at the world as a place where I can freely express who I am and what I believe, making me surrounded with people who honor, love, and respect me as I honor, love, and respect myself. Therefore, women empowerment should be realized by every girl to achieve a successful and fulfilled life. Women empowerment Blob Writing Firstly, women can start a personal blob. It should cover a topic which Is directly related to their skills set. Once they acquire a decent number of readers and followers, they could begin to offer them their services related to their skills and charge a fee for It. Another option In blobbing as one of the top 10 home based businesses involves writing for another individual or company and earning a service fee in return. 2. Providing Professional Advice Women can offer paid advice related to their profession.This is one of the top 10 home based businesses because they do not need to worry about setting up their own online platform for this service. There are many websites which offer professional advice to Its customers by appointing a team of experts from various lines of work. They often have predetermined rates and commissions for their registered experts while others also keep them negotiable. 3. Book Publishing Publishing may sound Like the most Investment-demandin g option out of the other top 10 home based businesses.This does not hold true for online book publishing or content marketing. Some websites offer free registration to use their online publishing services while others charge a nominal amount. In the end, women can enjoy writing books on their favorite topics and set the prices themselves. Online book publishing is part of the top 10 home based businesses because it enables women to publish books only in the demanded quantity. 4. Designing Shoes Many fashion-savvy females have a creative sense which is often specific to items like hoes.The Ideas may come to them naturally but they may be unable to take up shoe-designing as a full-fledged career option. However, women should utilize different software to develop unique designs and sell them to small-sized shoe businesses along with the ownership right to the designs. It would be a mutually beneficial relationship. 5. Conducting Online Research More and more companies are relying on t he internet as an effective tool for conducting marketing research. Some of the benefits they find in this option Include access to geographically dispersed respondents, less time required, etc.This has given birth to the need for employing individuals to conduct the research. Women with an inquisitive nature often prefer this choice out of the different top 10 home based businesses. 6. Image Consultancy This line of work Involves assisting people who wish to achieve their goal of Improving their overall Image. This Is known to be a women-centric choice among the top 10 home based businesses. This field pertains to providing consultancy In different areas, such as grooming, styling, dressing, etc. Audio Typing investment of a computer and internet connection. In most cases, these facilities are already present which makes it a zero-investment alternative. Women can offer the services as a typist to reproduce provided audio files into a written format. Although typing speed would be a helpful skill, beginners could always commit to a deadline according to their skills and improve with time. 8. Affiliate Marketing For Affiliate Marketing as one of the top 10 home based businesses, women need to have their own website.It would allow them to associate with other businesses to pay them a commission when visitors to their websites are linked to purchase the company's products. 9. Online Teaching Teaching makes it to the list of top 10 home based businesses because the internet has made it possible to use it as a way to make money online at home. Women can provide interactive sessions to students for their daily homework while offer topic- wise teaching through video tutorials. 10. Writing Guides Writing guides are one of the top 10 home based businesses suitable for women cause they often have a wide knowledge base on different topics. Women Empowerment Empowerment has multiple, interrelated and interdependent dimensions- economic, social, cultural and political. It can be understood in relation to resources, perceptions, Relationship and power. But what does women empowerment mean? Women empowerment generally has five components : firstly, women's sense of self worth; secondly, their right to have the power of control their own lives, both within and outside home; and lastly, their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a just social and economic order nationally, internationally and universally. Educational attainment and economic participation are the key constituents in ensuring the empowerment of women. Other than educational and economic empowerment, changes in women's mobility and social interaction and changes in intra-household decision-making are necessary. We should not forget that history in a witness to the women who have in the past demonstrated unique leadership capabilities. Razia Sultana, Rani of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu and Indira Gandhi are motivation examples of women empowerment. I would like to peep into the past when the stature of women as destroyed. They were in this way; they deprived women of their due place. Most men view themselves as being the superior life-form in society. They justify this belief by saying that they are stronger and more capable; thus, making those more qualified for the more important roles in society. Treated as chattel in the early Roman society. In France, they were termed as half-soul creatures responsible for the destruction of society. The Chinese considered them as devil's soul. Japanese men preferred to live unmarried lives But the truth is that women have advanced in all the areas. In India, the empowerment process has already begun. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrollment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defense, administration, media and research fields. But a lot of work has to be done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they don't have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even operate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or handle hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, it's a myth for them . If women choose to be ignorant then all the efforts taken by the Government and women activists will go in vain. Even in twenty-fifth century, they will remain backward and will be paying a heavy price for their dependence, so, it is a wake-up call for women to awake from their deep slumber and understand the true meaning of their empowerment. In the end I would like to conclude with the following words, â€Å"Women as the motherhood of the nation should be strong, aware and alert†. Thank you The end Women empowerment Blob Writing Firstly, women can start a personal blob. It should cover a topic which Is directly related to their skills set. Once they acquire a decent number of readers and followers, they could begin to offer them their services related to their skills and charge a fee for It. Another option In blobbing as one of the top 10 home based businesses involves writing for another individual or company and earning a service fee in return. 2. Providing Professional Advice Women can offer paid advice related to their profession.This is one of the top 10 home based businesses because they do not need to worry about setting up their own online platform for this service. There are many websites which offer professional advice to Its customers by appointing a team of experts from various lines of work. They often have predetermined rates and commissions for their registered experts while others also keep them negotiable. 3. Book Publishing Publishing may sound Like the most Investment-demandin g option out of the other top 10 home based businesses.This does not hold true for online book publishing or content marketing. Some websites offer free registration to use their online publishing services while others charge a nominal amount. In the end, women can enjoy writing books on their favorite topics and set the prices themselves. Online book publishing is part of the top 10 home based businesses because it enables women to publish books only in the demanded quantity. 4. Designing Shoes Many fashion-savvy females have a creative sense which is often specific to items like hoes.The Ideas may come to them naturally but they may be unable to take up shoe-designing as a full-fledged career option. However, women should utilize different software to develop unique designs and sell them to small-sized shoe businesses along with the ownership right to the designs. It would be a mutually beneficial relationship. 5. Conducting Online Research More and more companies are relying on t he internet as an effective tool for conducting marketing research. Some of the benefits they find in this option Include access to geographically dispersed respondents, less time required, etc.This has given birth to the need for employing individuals to conduct the research. Women with an inquisitive nature often prefer this choice out of the different top 10 home based businesses. 6. Image Consultancy This line of work Involves assisting people who wish to achieve their goal of Improving their overall Image. This Is known to be a women-centric choice among the top 10 home based businesses. This field pertains to providing consultancy In different areas, such as grooming, styling, dressing, etc. Audio Typing investment of a computer and internet connection. In most cases, these facilities are already present which makes it a zero-investment alternative. Women can offer the services as a typist to reproduce provided audio files into a written format. Although typing speed would be a helpful skill, beginners could always commit to a deadline according to their skills and improve with time. 8. Affiliate Marketing For Affiliate Marketing as one of the top 10 home based businesses, women need to have their own website.It would allow them to associate with other businesses to pay them a commission when visitors to their websites are linked to purchase the company's products. 9. Online Teaching Teaching makes it to the list of top 10 home based businesses because the internet has made it possible to use it as a way to make money online at home. Women can provide interactive sessions to students for their daily homework while offer topic- wise teaching through video tutorials. 10. Writing Guides Writing guides are one of the top 10 home based businesses suitable for women cause they often have a wide knowledge base on different topics. Women Empowerment Empowerment has multiple, interrelated and interdependent dimensions- economic, social, cultural and political. It can be understood in relation to resources, perceptions, Relationship and power. But what does women empowerment mean? Women empowerment generally has five components : firstly, women's sense of self worth; secondly, their right to have the power of control their own lives, both within and outside home; and lastly, their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a just social and economic order nationally, internationally and universally. Educational attainment and economic participation are the key constituents in ensuring the empowerment of women. Other than educational and economic empowerment, changes in women's mobility and social interaction and changes in intra-household decision-making are necessary. We should not forget that history in a witness to the women who have in the past demonstrated unique leadership capabilities. Razia Sultana, Rani of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu and Indira Gandhi are motivation examples of women empowerment. I would like to peep into the past when the stature of women as destroyed. They were in this way; they deprived women of their due place. Most men view themselves as being the superior life-form in society. They justify this belief by saying that they are stronger and more capable; thus, making those more qualified for the more important roles in society. Treated as chattel in the early Roman society. In France, they were termed as half-soul creatures responsible for the destruction of society. The Chinese considered them as devil's soul. Japanese men preferred to live unmarried lives But the truth is that women have advanced in all the areas. In India, the empowerment process has already begun. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrollment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defense, administration, media and research fields. But a lot of work has to be done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they don't have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even operate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or handle hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, it's a myth for them . If women choose to be ignorant then all the efforts taken by the Government and women activists will go in vain. Even in twenty-fifth century, they will remain backward and will be paying a heavy price for their dependence, so, it is a wake-up call for women to awake from their deep slumber and understand the true meaning of their empowerment. In the end I would like to conclude with the following words, â€Å"Women as the motherhood of the nation should be strong, aware and alert†. Thank you The end

Case Study Royal Numico NV

Case Study Royal Numico NV Numico has grown from humble beginnings to become of one of the largest companies that manufactures nutritional products. Acquisition is one of the major strategies of the company. Throughout, the history of the company, it has acquired companies in various locations.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study: Royal Numico NV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has enabled the company to venture into foreign markets. This company has helped in sustaining its growth. Acquisitions enabled the company to control interests in more than 100 countries. This enabled the company’s products to reach a large number of people. Numico uses a medical platform marketing. This implies that the company uses its experience in manufacturing products that have a medical backing. The company has laboratories in several countries. These laboratories use scientific data to develop new products. This enables the company to d evelop products for vulnerable people. Research enabled the company to develop products that focused on the link between nutrition, diseases, and health. This enabled the company to improve its competitiveness. The U.S. is one of the most lucrative markets. Numico acquired General Nutrition Companies (GNC) to improve its competitiveness. GNC was the largest producer and marketer of nutritional supplements. The company exported its products to more than 25 countries. Therefore, acquisition of the company enabled it to acquire the customers of the company. This enabled Numico to improve its competitiveness globally. GNC had a strong brand name. This brand name and Numico’s scientific knowledge would help in improving the competitiveness of the new entity. Acquisitions of new companies made Numico venture into industries that were different from its traditional areas of operation. Enrich International specialized in the sale of nutritional supplements and personal care products. On the other hand, Rexall Sundown Inc. specialized in the sale of vitamins, nutritional supplements, and consumer health products. The demand for nutritional supplements was income elastic.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The demand was dependent on the income of customers. Reduced income reduced the demand of the nutritional supplements. Nutritional supplements were not vital products. This necessitated the company to device strategies that would enable it to market the nutritional supplements effectively. Acquisition of new companies exposed the companies to several risks. Numico specialized in the production and marketing of nutritional products that targeted infants, patients and other people who had special nutritional needs. It was vital for the company’s products to meet the nutritional needs of the target market. Failure to meet the nutritional needs would reduce its competitiveness. Numico acquired companies in different geographical locations. This exposed the companies to risks due to the volatility of the exchange rate. Volatility of the exchange rate may have a negative or positive impact on the company. Drop in the rate of the U.S. dollar versus the euro reduced the profitability of Rexall Sundown and GNC. This is despite the fact that these companies has improved performance. Reduced profitability of these companies forced Numico to sell the companies and exit from the nutritional supplements market. Traditionally, Numico specialized in the sale of products that targeted infants and other people who had special nutritional needs. However, the acquisition of new companies forced the company to start selling nutritional supplements. These products were more sensitive to the prevailing economic situations. Fluctuation in the demand of these products exposed the company to several risks. However, customers’ incr eased consciousness of their health increased the demand of these products. Acquisition of new companies necessitated Numico to specialize in the production and sale of infant nutrition products, healthcare products, and supplements. Historically, Numico was a high growth and high profit margin company.  However, Rexall Sundown was a low growth low margin company. In addition, GNC was a high margin low growth business.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study: Royal Numico NV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These companies did not fit Numico’s strategy of high growth high margin. This necessitated Numico to sell the companies. Numico acquired several companies during its history. In 1999, the company acquired General Nutrition Companies. In 2000, Numico acquired Enrich International and Rexall Sundown. However, in 2003, Numico sold Rexall Sundown and GNC. The sale of these companies was due to the fact that the companies did not fit Numico’s strategy. The companies did not meet Numico’s profit expectations. Nutritional supplement market was a low growth market. In addition, the market was income elastic. However, soon after the sale of the companies they became profitable. The sale of the companies was a right decision. Failure to sell the companies would have necessitated Numico to change its strategy. This may have had a negative effect on the company. However, sale of the companies made Numico lose the money it had invested in the companies. In addition, Numico lost the competitive edge it had due to the acquisition of the companies. Sale of the companies enabled the company to concentrate on its traditional market of infant nutrition and clinical nutrition products. The company had vast experience in producing and marketing these products. This enabled it to have a competitive edge in the market.

Definition and Examples of Edited American English

Definition and Examples of Edited American English Edited American English is a variety of Standard American English used in most forms of  academic writing. It is also called Standard Written English (SWE). Edited English commonly refers to writing that has been prepared for publication in print (in contrast to online writing). The Brown University Corpus of Edited American English (BUC) contains approximately one million words of present-day edited American English. Excluded from this corpus are any forms of spoken English as well as words found in verse, drama, and scientific writing. Commentary Edited American English is the version of our language that has come to be the standard for written public discourse- for newspapers and books and for most of the writing you do in school and on the job... Where did this description of Edited American English come from? It is the work through the years of many grammarians, many authors of textbooks and dictionaries, many editors who have taken it upon themselves to describe- and sometimes to prescribe- the version of English used by the influential writers and speakers of their day. Those writers and speakers dont say I dont have no money and He dont like me and I aint going- at least not in their public discourse. They say I dont have any money and He doesnt like me and Im not going, so those forms are the ones that get included in the grammar books and usage manuals as the standard. (Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed. Allyn and Bacon, 1998)For college students, Edited American English consists of t he language used in formal written documents, for example, in course essays, assignments, and term papers. The rigorous editing required for those tasks is not as necessary in more informal writing, such as journal entries, freewriting, blogs, and first drafts. (Ann Raimes and Susan Miller-Cochran, Keys for Writers, 7th ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2014) Examples of Usage in EAE: Singulars and Plurals​ Edited American English and most conservative American commentary insist that the singular nouns kind, manner, sort, type, style, and way must be modified by singular demonstratives (this/that kind or manner or sort or style or way)  and that normally each will be followed by an of phrase with a singular object (this kind of dog, that manner of chatter, that sort of dilemma, this type of book, this way of writing). Further, these same conservative American standards insist that when kind, manner, sort, type, way, and the like are plural, then the preceding demonstratives and any count nouns serving as objects of the following prepositions must also be plural: these kinds of studies, those sorts of poems, these types of airplanes. But when the following objects of the preposition are mass nouns, they may be singular, as in those sorts of gravel, those types of sand, these ways of thinking. Whatever the American Edited English standards demand, however, British English and American C onversational and Informal uses clearly display a full range of combinations of singulars and plurals... (The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)